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Non-noble Metal Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Water Electrolysis

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Abstract

Water electrolysis is a sustainable approach for hydrogen production by using electricity from clean energy sources. However, both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) associated with water electrolysis are kinetically sluggish, leading to low efficiency in corresponding electrolysis devices. In addition, current electrocatalysts that can catalyze both HER and OER to practical rates require noble metals such as platinum that are low in abundance and high in price, severely limiting commercialization. As a result, the development of high-performance and cost-effective non-noble metal electrocatalysts to replace noble ones has intensified. Based on this, this review will comprehensively present recent research in the design, synthesis, characterization and performance validation/optimization of non-noble metal HER electrocatalysts and analyze corresponding catalytic mechanisms. Moreover, several important types of non-noble metal electrocatalysts including zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional materials are presented with an emphasis on morphology/structure, synergetic interaction between metal and support, catalytic property and HER activity/stability. Furthermore, existing technical challenges are summarized and corresponding research directions are proposed toward practical application.

Graphic Abstract

Water electrolysis is a sustainable approach for hydrogen production by using electricity from clean energy sources. However, both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are kinetically sluggish, causing low efficiency of the electrolysis devices. The currently used noble metals, such as Pt-based electrocatalysts for catalyzing both HER and OER to practical rates, have low abundances and high price, limiting their commercialization. In this regard, developing high-performance and cost-effective non-noble metal electrocatalysts to replace noble ones has become a hot research topic.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21205030, 2198073 and NSFC −U1903217), the Key Project of Hubei Provincial Education Department (D20171001), the Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response in Hubei Province (2019(0A)003) and the Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials (201829303).

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  1. Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response in Hubei Province, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China

    Huimin Wu & Chuanqi Feng

  2. Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council of Canada, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1W5, Canada

    Lei Zhang

  3. Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1W5, Canada

    Jiujun Zhang & David P. Wilkinson

  4. College of Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China

    Jiujun Zhang

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  1. Huimin Wu
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Correspondence to Huimin Wu or David P. Wilkinson.

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Wu, H., Feng, C., Zhang, L. et al. Non-noble Metal Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Water Electrolysis. Electrochem. Energ. Rev. 4, 473–507 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41918-020-00086-z

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